{"id":8525,"date":"2024-02-05T18:04:51","date_gmt":"2024-02-05T18:04:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pmtest.iah.mx\/?page_id=8525"},"modified":"2025-06-19T05:25:57","modified_gmt":"2025-06-19T05:25:57","slug":"calderas-usadas","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pmtest.iah.mx\/en\/guia-tecnica\/calderas-usadas\/","title":{"rendered":"\nUsed Boilers\n<\/a>"},"content":{"rendered":"
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USED BOILERS<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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A.<\/span> Las calderas de tubos de humo tambi\u00e9n llamadas pirotubulares tienen una vida \u00fatil promedio de hasta 30 a\u00f1os, siempre y cuando se operen correctamente. Se tienen que hacer mediciones continuas de sus cifras de combusti\u00f3n y un riguroso control del agua de la caldera (tratamiento qu\u00edmico correcto de agua). La vida \u00fatil de la caldera se recorta dr\u00e1sticamente cuando ha
sufrido da\u00f1os en su hogar (o tubo ca\u00f1\u00f3n) y en sus espejos por bajo nivel de agua.<\/p>

El envolvente del cuerpo de presi\u00f3n de la caldera (cuerpo de la caldera) sufre a trav\u00e9s del tiempo p\u00e9rdidas del espesor requerido, sobre todo en los puntos cercanos a la salida de vapor y la
entrada de agua por erosi\u00f3n y corrosi\u00f3n interna.<\/p>

Evaluating a Used Boiler<\/b> La \u00fanica forma correcta para poder determinar la presi\u00f3n m\u00e1xima de trabajo de una caldera usada, es por medio de la medici\u00f3n de espesores por ultrasonido (un m\u00e9todo relativamente econ\u00f3mico y seguro), con m\u00e1s de 50 mediciones en el envolvente de la caldera y tomando especial cuidado de medir espesores en las periferias (5 a 40 cms.) de los coples:<\/p>

\u2022<\/span> Steam exit.
\u2022<\/span> Water feed.
\u2022<\/span> Bottom blowdowns.
\u2022<\/span> Surface blowdowns.<\/p>

The critical minimum thickness of the boiler shell can thus be detected and based on this measurement, the maximum allowable working pressure of a used boiler can be calculated.<\/p>

Lo anterior es \u00fanicamente en relaci\u00f3n con el envolvente del cuerpo de presi\u00f3n de la caldera, pero la caldera en su operaci\u00f3n tiene partes m\u00e1s cr\u00edticas y m\u00e1s expuestas a desgaste como lo es el tubo ca\u00f1\u00f3n u hogar, que recibe a la flama del quemador.<\/p>

The furnace, which is directly exposed to the burner flame during operation, is an even more critical component to the longevity of a used boiler.<\/b> Los continuos cambios de temperatura pasando de \u201capagado, a flama alta, flama baja, apagado\u201d y con la noble obligaci\u00f3n del acero de absorber las expansiones y contracciones, por consiguiente, \u00a0<\/b> \u00a0<\/p>

La fatiga del material del tubo ca\u00f1\u00f3n u hogar se da por antig\u00fcedad (tiempo), por falta de agua o recalentamiento, por un mal tratamiento de agua o una falla en el control de nivel de agua de la caldera.<\/p>

En cuanto a la operaci\u00f3n de la caldera usada, \u00e9sta dependi\u00f3 en sus a\u00f1os pasados de la correcta operaci\u00f3n de sus controles de seguridad y el manejo correcto o incorrecto del operador de la misma a trav\u00e9s del tiempo. Una falla por bajo nivel de agua, caus\u00f3 una tremenda fatiga en el tubo ca\u00f1\u00f3n u hogar de la caldera, da\u00f1\u00f3 la resistencia del material del hogar y de los espejos, bajando considerablemente su restante vida \u00fatil sin poder detectar f\u00edsicamente el da\u00f1o en el cuerpo de presi\u00f3n. Lo mismo sucede con un torito o falsa explosi\u00f3n. El verdadero estado de la calderausada lo conoce \u00fanicamente el usuario a trav\u00e9s del tiempo. (Obviamente cuando nos quieren vender una caldera usada, el vendedor dice que casi nunca oper\u00f3 y que por lo tanto sus a\u00f1os de operaci\u00f3n antiguos son de uno o dos. Nos \u201ccuenta\u201d que nunca tuvo bajos niveles de agua, que nunca tuvo explosiones y que su sistema de controles est\u00e1 en \u201ccasi\u201d perfectas condiciones, lo cual lamentablemente nunca es cierto).<\/p>

You get what you pay for, as the saying goes, with used boiler purchases, with \u201cgreat deals\u201d often turning out to be extremely expensive because of costly repairs.<\/b> ya que una reparaci\u00f3n mayor no solamente es sumamente costosa, sino que adicionalmente no es recomendable porque el cuerpo de presi\u00f3n nunca volver\u00e1 a ser el mismo. En el cambio de un espejo o tubo ca\u00f1\u00f3n, el corte y la soldadura da\u00f1an al material viejo fatig\u00e1ndolo en exceso y aumentando el riesgo de la futura operaci\u00f3n de la caldera).<\/p>

Changing the tubes will not extend the useful life of the other components of the boiler.<\/b> \u00a0 Los tubos flux son parte del material que se debe cambiar en una caldera peri\u00f3dicamente durante su tiempo de vida \u00fatil.<\/b> The frequency of the tube changes depends on the gauge of the tubes and the water quality control of the boiler.\n

\nThe bottom line is it does not matter how a used boiler looks, if it has a new lining and tubes or no. What matters in terms of the useful life of a (used) boiler is the condition of the pressure body \u2013 the shell (more specifically its critical thickness), the furnace, and the tube sheets.<\/p>

B.<\/span> In our neighboring country united States of America, changed the boiler more frequently (at a younger age), because the insurance increase your premiums significantly every year from the seventh year. (A new boiler patterned pay a lot less insurance premium to a boiler similar to 10 years of age).<\/p>

Rarely are we going to find boilers in operation with more than 20 years of age, in companies and prestigious institutions in U. S. A.<\/p>

In addition, the americans have buyers of boilers used (considered junk), in the markets of Mexico and Central america.<\/p>

Existen empresas en U.S.A. que se dedican a comprar calderas usadas como chatarra, les cambian el forro y los tubos flux y las ofrecen a sus pa\u00edses vecinos del Sur como calderas semi-nuevas con muy poco uso real, lo cual nunca es cierto ni comprobable.<\/p>

\u2022<\/span> A cauldron of smoke tubes with an age of 5 to 7 years is a boiler, semi-new used.<\/p>

\u2022<\/span> A boiler with an age of 15 years or more, is a caldera junk that you no longer should buy or sell for high risk.<\/p>

We emphasize:<\/span> No importa como se ve la caldera, si tiene un forro nuevo o no, o si tiene tubos flux nuevos o no. Lo que importa en la vida \u00fatil de una caldera usada es su cuerpo de presi\u00f3n: su envolvente \u2013 thickness critical \u2013<\/b>her home , the tube or barrel and its mirrors.<\/p>

C.<\/span> A new boiler, equipped with a high efficiency burner, is ecological,<\/b> Consume menos combustible que una caldera usada. Normalmente con el ahorro de combustible de la nueva caldera, su costo de adquisici\u00f3n quedar\u00e1 amortizado en muy poco tiempo.<\/p>

Una caldera nueva trabajando 24 horas se paga en a\u00f1o y medio por los ahorros de combustible. De esta forma, genera posteriormente grandes ahorros a trav\u00e9s del tiempo una vez que se ha amortizado el costo inicial de la inversi\u00f3n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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While a simple price comparison between new and used boilers may lead to the conclusion that a used boiler is the cost-effective way to go, such a surface-level analysis does not provide information required to make a truly informed decision.

\n\nFire tube boilers have an average useful life of up to 20 years, but only if they are operated correctly, undergo continuous review of their combustion figures, and count on a rigorous control and treatment of their feedwater. The useful life of a fire tube boiler is dramatically shortened when it suffers damages to its furnace and tube sheets because of low water levels. For this reason, it is extremely critical to know how to evaluate the current condition of a boiler before making a used boiler purchase.


\nEvaluating a Used Boiler<\/span> \n<\/b>\n\n


\nThe shell of the boiler, for example, suffers a loss of its required thickness with time. This loss is most acutely observed in the points closest to the steam exit and water entrance due to erosion and internal corrosion. Reduced thickness at any point in the shell of the boiler body means a decline in the pressure at which the boiler can be operated.

\n\nOne way to determine the maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) of a used boiler is by measuring wall thickness via ultrasound. This technique is relatively safe and cost-effective, and should be performed on at least 50 points of the boiler shell, including the periphery of the couplings:

\n\n\u2022<\/span> Steam exit
\n\u2022<\/span> Water feed
\n\u2022<\/span> Bottom blowdowns
\n\u2022<\/span> Surface blowdowns

\n\nThe critical minimum thickness of the boiler shell can thus be detected and based on this measurement, the maximum allowable working pressure of a used boiler can be calculated.\n

\nThe previous method can be applied only to the shell of the boiler, however this is not the only part of the boiler that can experience wear from use.\n

\nThe furnace, which is directly exposed to the burner flame during operation, is an even more critical component to the longevity of a used boiler. It is exposed to the greatest amount of material fatigue over time as its steel frame absorbs the expansions and contractions caused by temperature changes (from \u201coff\u201d to \u201c high flame\u201d to \u201clow flame\u201d to \u201coff\u201d for example).\n

\nThe material fatigue of the furnace is produced by use over time but can also be caused by a lack of water or overheating; by poor water treatment; or by a defect in the boiler water level control.

\n\nWith respect to the operation of a used boiler, this depends on the care with which it was run in the past \u2013 on the correct operation of its security controls and on the correct (or incorrect) handling of the boiler by its operator.\n

\nAs discussed previously, a failure caused by low water level produces a tremendous amount of material fatigue in the furnace, thus reducing the material resistance of both the furnace and the tube sheets and considerably shortening the remaining useful life of the boiler. Unfortunately, this type of defect does not result in physical damage to the pressure body of the boiler and is not, therefore, easily detected. This is the same case for small explosions inside the combustion chamber.\n

\nThe true condition of a used boiler can only be ascertained by its previous owner. Some used boiler salespersons will state that the boiler was hardly ever operated, never had low water levels or explosions, and that its control system is in \u201calmost perfect\u201d condition; unfortunately, this is almost never the case but will be hard to prove.\n

\nYou get what you pay for, as the saying goes, with used boiler purchases, with \u201cgreat deals\u201d often turning out to be extremely expensive because of costly repairs. These repairs, moreover, are not recommendable because the pressure body of the boiler will never return to its previous top condition, while changing a tube sheet or furnace causes damage to the old material (via the cutting and welding), further wearing it out and increasing the risk to the future operation of the boiler.\n

\nChanging the tubes will not extend the useful life of the other components of the boiler. The tubes represent a part of the material of the boiler that should be changed periodically throughout its useful life. The frequency of the tube changes depends on the gauge of the tubes and the water quality control of the boiler.\n

\nThe bottom line is it does not matter how a used boiler looks, if it has a new lining and tubes or no. What matters in terms of the useful life of a (used) boiler is the condition of the pressure body \u2013 the shell (more specifically its critical thickness), the furnace, and the tube sheets.\n\n


\nBenefits of New Boiler<\/span> \n<\/b>\n\n


\nA new boiler, equipped with a high efficiency burner, is ecological, consuming considerably less fuel than a used boiler. In fact, the acquisition cost of a new boiler is generally amortized by the fuel savings after very little time. The cost of a new boiler will \u201cpaid back\u201d in terms of fuel savings, in about a year and a half. After that, the benefit to the owner is pure fuel cost savings over the rest of the useful life of the new boiler.

\n\nThese impressive savings, coupled with the reduced risk of operational issues and the security of knowing with clarity both the current condition and expected useful life of your capital investment make purchasing a new boiler worth the additional upfront cost.

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\u3164 calderas usadas \u3164 A. Las calderas de tubos de humo tambi\u00e9n llamadas pirotubulares tienen una vida \u00fatil promedio de hasta 30 a\u00f1os, siempre y cuando se operen correctamente. Se tienen que hacer mediciones continuas de sus cifras de combusti\u00f3n y un riguroso control del agua de la caldera (tratamiento qu\u00edmico correcto de agua). La […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":86,"menu_order":13,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8525","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nCalderas Usadas - Powermaster<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pmtest.iah.mx\/en\/guia-tecnica\/calderas-usadas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Calderas Usadas - Powermaster\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u3164 calderas usadas \u3164 A. Las calderas de tubos de humo tambi\u00e9n llamadas pirotubulares tienen una vida \u00fatil promedio de hasta 30 a\u00f1os, siempre y cuando se operen correctamente. Se tienen que hacer mediciones continuas de sus cifras de combusti\u00f3n y un riguroso control del agua de la caldera (tratamiento qu\u00edmico correcto de agua). 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